JAZMIN: IN CENTRAL FLORIDA, WE TALK ABOUT ROCKETS AND LAUNCHES ALL THE TIME. BUT WE鈥橰E CREATING OUR OWN THIS MORNING WITH OUR FRIENDS AT THE ORLANDO SCIENCE CENTER. HERE鈥橲 WESH 2鈥橲 ALEX ALECCI WITH THIS WEEK鈥橲 EPISODE OF "THE SCIENCE OF IT." ALEX: HELLO AND WELCOME TO ANOTHER EDITION OF "THE SCIENCE OF IT." I MET THE ORLANDO SCIENCE CENTER WITH YOU. >> THE COOL THING ABOUT ROCKETS IS THEY COME IN ALL SIZES AND VARIETIES. WE ARE NOT SENDING A ROCKET TO THE MOON OR MARS. WE WILL LEAVE THAT TO NASA AND SPACEX, BUT WE WILL USING SOME OF THE ROCKETS TODAY. ALEX: ICY PAPER. >> WE WILL BE MAKING PAPER ROCKETS. WHEN YOU ARE LAUNCHING A ROCKET, YOU NEED A FORCE OFF THE BOTTOM. THIS RUNS ON NEWTON鈥橲 LAWS. THE LAW WE ARE WORKING WITH TODAY SAYS FOR EVERY ACTION, THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION. IF WE APPLY FORCE TO THE BOTTOM, IT WILL SHOOT IN THE AIR. TODAY, WE WILL BE USING A CHEMICAL REACTION WITH ALKA-SELTZER AND AIR PRESSURE. THESE ARE SOME OF MY FAVORITES AND REALLY COOL. WE ARE GOING TO MAKE SOMETHING LIKE THIS ON A MUCH SMALLER SCALE THAT WILL FIT AROUND THIS. CHOOSE A COLOR. ALEX: WHAT ARE THESE? >> GOOD POINT. THESE ARE FILM CANISTERS. BACK IN THE ANCIENT DAYS, WE USE TO USE THESE WEIRD THINGS CALLED CAMERAS THAT WOULD HAVE TO PRODUCE FILM ON STRIPS. NOWADAYS, WE HAVE CELLPHONES. THEY ARE COOL. THEY CAN HOLD ONTO THE FILM ROLES. WE ARE USING THEM AS A CONTAINER TO LAUNCH THE ROCKETS. YOU CAN USE ANYTHING LIKE THIS. AS LONG AS A HAS A POP TOP, IT WILL BE GOOD TO GO. LET鈥橲 MAKE SOME ROCKETS. YOU CAN CHOOSE WHATEVER COLOR YOU WOULD LIKE. GO FOR IT. ALL RIGHT. GOT THAT ONE READY TO GO. WE ARE USING A CHEMICAL REACTION WITH ALKA-SELTZER TABLETS AND WATER. I AM GOING TO POUR IN WATER-BASED PAINT WITH THE TABLET. THE PRESSURE WILL BUILD UP INSIDE AND WILL BE TOO MUCH, POPPING THE TOP OFF AND LAUNCHING IT IN THE AIR. I WILL GIVE YOU ONE OF THOSE. I WILL TAKE ONE AS WELL ALEX: THIS IS SOMETHING YOU CAN TRY AT HOME? >> YOU CAN. JUST MAKE SURE THAT YOU WEAR EYE PROTECTION. YOU CAN USE THIS WATER-BASED PAINT TO MAKE SOME COOL ARTWORK. LET鈥橲 SEE IF WE CAN DO THAT. I AM GOING TO GRAB A PAINT. CHOOSE A COLOR. WE WANT TO PUT JUST A SQUIRT, NOT VERY MUCH, JUST ENOUGH TO COAT THE BOTTOM REALLY. ALEX: PERFECT. >> NAILED IT. MAKE SURE THE TOP FITS SNUG BEFORE YOU PUT THE ALKA-SELTZER IN. TOP THAT OFF. WE WANT TO PUT PROBABLY ONE THIRD OF A TABLET. WE DON鈥橳 WANT TO PUT THE WHOLE TABLET IN BECAUSE THAT WILL CREATE THE REACTION TOO QUICKLY. WE WANT TIME TO PUT IT DOWN BEFORE IT EXPLODES. THIS WILL HAPPEN REALLY QUICKLY. WE HAVE TO NAIL IT ON OUR FIRST TRY. POP THE TABLET IN, SQUEEZE THE TOP ON TIGHT. FLIP IT UPSIDE DOWN. THEN YOU鈥橰E GOING TO PUT THE ROCKET DOWN AND WAIT FOR IT TO GO IN THE AIR. READY? HERE WE GO. OOP. [LAUGHTER] YOURS HAPPENED IMMEDIATELY. MINE WILL TAKE A MOMENT. I WILL WAIT FOR IT. I THINK IT IS GOING TO GO. THE FUN, ANXIOUS PART IS WAITING TO SEE IF IT WILL POP. RIGHT NOW, THE PRESSURE IS BUILDING UP. THE CHEMICAL REACTION IS CREATING PRESSURE INSIDE, SO IT IS PRESSURIZED. THERE WE GO! FANTASTIC! AS YOU CAN SEE, IT LAUNCHED INTO THE AIR. DEPENDING ON THE NOSE CONE AND FIN, IT WILL CHANGE TRAJECTORY. YOU CAN EXPERIMENT WITH THAT. IF YOU NEEDED TO GO FURTHER, YOU NEED A BIGGER FORCE. THANKFULLY, I HAVE SOME PREMADE SO WE DON鈥橳 HAVE TO MAKE THEM. THESE ARE STOP ROCKETS. THESE ARE STOMP ROCKETS. WE MADE IT WITH PVC PIPING. YOU HAVE THE ANGLE HERE. IT IS THE IDEAL ANGLE, 45 DEGREES. YOU CAN CHANGE THE ANGLE TO MAKE IT GO HIGHER OR LOWER AND NOT AS FAR. WE ARE PUTTING A TWO LEADER BOTTLE -- TWO-LITER BOTTLE ON THE END. WANT TO TRY IT? FANTASTIC. ALEX: THESE SHOULD BE GOING FURTHER. >> THE LITTLE ROCKETS WE HAD DID NOT PRODUCE MUCH FORCE. THIS WILL BE A LOT MORE. WE ARE GOING TO TRY TO FORCE IT ALL OUT AT THE SAME TIME INTO THE ROCKET. ALEX: ALL OF THE AIR IS GOING THROUGH THE TUBE AND INTO THE ROCKET. >> HOW FAR DO YOU THINK THEY WILL GO? ALEX COLOME AT LEAST THREE FEET. >> I THINK YOU ARE RIGHT. I AM HOPING IT WILL GO EVEN FURTHER. 3, 2, 1. ALEX: NICE. >> THAT IS 10 OR 15 FEET. ALEX: HIGH IS GOOD, JUMP AS MUCH AS YOU CAN. >> 3, 2, 1. WHOA! YAY! ALEX: MINE GOT HEIGHT BUT NOT SO MUCH DISTANCE. >> CAUGHT THE WIND A LITTLE BIT. ALEX: YOU CAN DO IT MORE THAN ONCE. >> THE BOTTLES ARE REUSABLE. THEY LOOKED CRUSHED BUT IF YOU BLOW INTO THEM, THEY WILL POP OUT. YOU CAN PROBABLY GET 10 OR 15 USES OUT OF THEM. THAT IS PRETTY MUCH IT. YOU CAN DO THIS AT HOME. I RECOMMEND IT. IT IS SUPER FUN. YOU CAN DO IT FOR HOURS AND LEARN SCIENCE. ALEX: THANK YOU SO MUCH. THANK YOU FOR JOINING US ON "THE SCIENCE OF IT." JAZMIN: I DON鈥橳 THINK I鈥橫 GOING TO BE ABLE TO UNHEAR "WHOA." IF YOU WANT SEE WHAT OTHER COOL STUFF HAPPENING AT THE ORLAN
Webb telescope sees once invisible structures inside spiral galaxies
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Updated: 6:17 PM CST Feb 18, 2023
Astronomers have used the James Webb Space Telescope to peer inside the heart of spiral galaxies, where young stars carve out glowing paths.The space observatory can see the universe in infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye, making the telescope uniquely poised to look through the dust that obscures some galactic features when less powerful telescopes are used.Researchers participating in the PHANGS collaboration, or Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby Galaxies, are using Webb鈥檚 infrared capabilities to study 19 spiral galaxies.So far, the telescope has observed five of them in detail, including galaxies M74, NGC 7496, IC 5332, NGC 1365 and NGC 1433.In visible light, the galaxies appeared dark and dim. But Webb鈥檚 Mid-Infrared Instrument was able to see the ways that stars and star clusters can shape galactic structures. The never-before-seen details captured in the Webb images show how these intricate networks within galaxies are influenced over time as stars form and evolve.鈥淲e are directly seeing how the energy from the formation of young stars affects the gas around them, and it鈥檚 just remarkable,鈥� said Erik Rosolowsky, a PHANGS team member and an associate professor of physics at the University of Alberta in Canada, in a statementStars releasing energy created giant bubbles of gas and dust, or luminescent cavities, that gather around the spiral arms of the galaxies, and sometimes these bubble-like features overlap to form shells and a structure similar to a spiderweb.鈥淭he PHANGS team has spent years observing these galaxies at optical, radio, and ultraviolent wavelengths using NASA鈥檚 Hubble Space Telescope, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and the Very Large Telescope鈥檚 Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer,鈥� said Adam Leroy, a PHANGS team member and professor of astronomy at Ohio State University, in a statement.鈥淏ut, the earliest stages of a star鈥檚 lifecycle have remained out of view because the process is enshrouded within gas and dust clouds.鈥漈he observation program will continue to focus on different galaxies, conduct a census of star formation, and unlock more insights into the life cycle of stars and how these stellar objects influence the galaxies they call home.
Astronomers have used the to peer inside the heart of , where young stars carve out glowing paths.
The space observatory can see the universe in infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye, making the telescope uniquely poised to look through the dust that obscures some galactic features when less powerful telescopes are used.
Researchers participating in the PHANGS collaboration, or Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby Galaxies, are using Webb鈥檚 infrared capabilities to study 19 spiral galaxies.
So far, the telescope has observed five of them in detail, including galaxies M74, NGC 7496, IC 5332, NGC 1365 and NGC 1433.
In visible light, the galaxies appeared dark and dim. But Webb鈥檚 Mid-Infrared Instrument was able to see the ways that stars and star clusters can shape galactic structures. The never-before-seen details captured in the Webb images show how these intricate networks within galaxies are influenced over time as stars form and evolve.
鈥淲e are directly seeing how the energy from the formation of young stars affects the gas around them, and it鈥檚 just remarkable,鈥� said Erik Rosolowsky, a PHANGS team member and an associate professor of physics at the University of Alberta in Canada, in a statement
Stars releasing energy created giant bubbles of gas and dust, or luminescent cavities, that gather around the spiral arms of the galaxies, and sometimes these bubble-like features overlap to form shells and a structure similar to a spiderweb.
鈥淭he PHANGS team has spent years observing these galaxies at optical, radio, and ultraviolent wavelengths using NASA鈥檚 Hubble Space Telescope, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and the Very Large Telescope鈥檚 Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer,鈥� said Adam Leroy, a PHANGS team member and professor of astronomy at Ohio State University, in a statement.
鈥淏ut, the earliest stages of a star鈥檚 lifecycle have remained out of view because the process is enshrouded within gas and dust clouds.鈥�
The observation program will continue to focus on different galaxies, conduct a census of star formation, and unlock more insights into the life cycle of stars and how these stellar objects influence the galaxies they call home.
